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An Eco-friendly Herbal Acaricide to Control Ticks Including Acaricide Resistant Species Infesting Livestock and Pet Animals

Novel and chemically characterized anti-tick Phyto-formulation. Extracted from commonly available plant, herbaceous in nature, widely available across the country, plants require very low agronomical conditions to grow. Effective against acaricide-resistant ticks. Having fly repellent properties. Having less chance of development of resistant to the developed formulation as it contains many active principles showing anti tick activity. Safe for animal application (as per OECD guidelines 404, 410, 423). Stable at different temperature condition without losing anti-tick activity. Quality control markers identified. Management of ticks including acaricide resistant species. Reduce indiscriminate use of synthetic acaricides. No residual toxicity in milk and meat products, thus it will increase the acceptability of Indian dairy products in the global market. Reduce environmental pollution and maintain food chain. Less chance of development of resistance in target species. Having fly repellent properties. Multi-locational field trials of the developed formulation were conducted in organized and unorganized dairy farms of Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh where commonly used acaricide were not working effectively against tick infestations in animals. The tick population of these locations was found resistant to SP and OP compounds. The clinical efficacy of the formulation was more than 80% against natural tick infestation. The working Phyto-formulation was found safe (OECD guidelines 404, 410, 423) for animal application. It was also stable at 0-4°, 37° and 60°C temperature for 30 days showing consistent anti-tick activity without any significant variation. In vitro anti-tick activity: The LC90 value against reference susceptible IVRI-I tick line was determined as 8.5%. Formulation is 50-75% efficacy against highly resistant IVRI-IV tick line having resistance factor of 194.0 against commonly used deltamethrin. This level of resistance usually does not exist in the field situation. The formulation showed efficacy (>75%) against multi-acaricide resistant IVRI-V line along with inhibition of oviposition. Similarly, the formulation was 75-80% effective against field collected ticks having different level of resistance to pyrethroids and OP compounds. Formulation showed 70-80% efficacy against buffalo lice, dog tick (R. sanguineus) and multi-host tick species, Hyalomma anatolicum. In vivo efficacy: In vivo experimental trial was conducted as per the laboratory standardized method. Under experimental high challenge condition, the efficacy (E%) of the Phyto-formulation was within the range of 67 to 75%. Submission of approval of NBA clearance. Patent application no. 2196/DEL/2011.